Chair of St. Peter
What's wrong with the Church? Why can't the bishops get their act together? How much obedience do we owe this Pope? I hear these kinds of questions a lot. I heard them in 2001 when JPII was Pope. And in 2010 when BXVI was Pope. And pretty much just yesterday while Francis is still Pope. Who is asking these questions seems to depend a lot on who is sitting in the Chair of St. Peter! The questioners change. The Popes change. But the questions themselves never do. It's always a problem with authority, obedience, and freedom of conscience. If Your Guy is sitting in the Chair, then authority/obedience is the bedrock of the Church. If not, then freedom of conscience is the foundation of right religion. The folks preaching freedom from BXVI in 2010 are the same ones preaching obedience to Francis in 2025. And the ones preaching obedience to BXVI in 2010. . .well, you get the idea. Unfortunately, for both camps – that's not how religious authority works. Here's what Christ has to say, “I say to you, you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my Church, and the gates of the netherworld shall not prevail against it.” That's the authority we submit to in obedience.
And what does this authority entail? Christ says, “I will give you [Peter] the keys to the Kingdom of heaven.” IOW, Christ appoints Peter as his royal steward. His caretaker and vicar. This means that “whatever [Peter] bind[s] on earth shall be bound in heaven; and whatever [Peter] loose[s] on earth shall be loosed in heaven.” We all know this to be the authority of the Holy Father to govern the Church and to define the faith and morals of believing Catholics. Are there any limits to this authority? Yes. These limits are canonically defined by the First Vatican Council in its declaration on papal infallibility. But more importantly, the Holy Father's authority and our obedience are defined in terms of charity – the governing theological virtue. Charity requires the presumption of grace; that is, charity starts by assuming that the one in authority is governing in accord with the faith handed to the Apostles. The alternative is to assume a lack of grace and suspect deception. Grace cannot thrive in a mind ruled by constant suspicion. The whole point of giving us Peter as our rock is to dispel any nagging doubts about what is and is not in accord with the apostolic faith. Christ knows what he's doing. And he knows Peter. . .better than we ever will. So, trusting Peter is trusting Christ.
American Catholics are often Protestants at heart. We live and breathe the individualist, freedom as license, pick and choose consumerist religion of modern Protestantism. And it doesn't help that we've had five decades of moral theologians telling us that the job of conscience is to invent personal truths. Peter makes a world-changing declaration of trust: “You are the Christ, the Son of the living God.” That's not Simon Peter's “personal truth.” It is The Truth. And on this Truth is the Church founded. And b/c he revealed this Truth, on Peter himself is the Church founded. From Peter and his confession is the whole of the apostolic faith handed on. We celebrate the Chair of St. Peter to be reminded that the faith we profess is a guarantee of victory against the works of the netherworld. But that guarantee is good only when we hold steadfast to the trust Peter expressed to Christ and his disciples. We are saved as a Body. Not as free-floating individuals picking and choosing what we believe. So, who do you say the Son of Man is? Say it with Peter: “[He is] the Christ, the Son of the living God.”
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